| Milkfish skin (collagen extraction) (Wibawa et al., 2015) | NA | Protein (0.407 mg/mL) |
| Dolphin fish Coryphaena hippurus (Thenu et al., 2017) | NA | Protein (19.16%), proline (3.32%), arginine (3.01%), serine (2.85%), phenylalanine (2.65%). Cystine, histidine, valine and methionine (< 2%) |
| Mackerel Scomberjaponicus heads (Setijawati et al., 2019) | Alternative peptone for bacterial growth medium. Improve biomass of Escherichia coli (from control 61.04% to 76.85%), Staphylococcus aureus (from control 48.24% to 56.08%), Salmonella thypi (from control 59.46% to 71.04%), and Aeromonas hydrophila (from control 49.83% to 54.15%) | Nitrogen (11.53%) |
| Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus head (Jaziri et al., 2020) | Alternative peptone for bacterial growth medium. Improve biomass of E. coli (from control 42.81% to 64.63%) and S. aureus (from control 35.74% to 59.38%) | Peptone yield (4.61%-5.70%), protein (85.08%-86.43%), glycine (21.48%), glutamic acid (10.67%), alanine (10.26%), proline (8.99%), arginine (8.16%) and aspartic acid (7.60%). Tyrosine, and histidine were less than 3% |
| Parrotfish Scarus javanicus head (Jaziri et al., 2020) | Alternative peptone for bacterial growth medium. Improve biomass of E. coli (from control 25.87% to 50.33%) and S. aureus (from control 33.20% to 55.63%) | Peptone yield (3.27%-3.45%), protein (83.80%-86.67%), glycine (21.34%), glutamic acid (10.12%), alanine (8.97%), proline (8.94%), aspartic acid (7.76%), and phenylalanine (6.73%). Tyrosine and histidine were less than 3% |
| Parrotfish Chlorurussordidus head (Prihanto et al., 2019) | Antioxidant (DPPH 58.2%) | Protein (69.15%), glutamic acid (14.43%), aspartic acid (11.06%), leucine (8.48%), lysine (8.3%), glycine (7.63%) and alanine (7.41%). Serine and histidine were less than 3% |
| Milkfish Chanos chanos skin (Kusumaningtyas et al., 2019) | Antioxidant (ABTS 80%-90%) and antifungal (Candida albicans ~5 Log CFU/mL) | NA |
| Grouper E. fuscoguttatus swim bladder (collagen hydrolysate) (Trilaksani et al., 2020) | Collagen extract suitable for cosmetic material | Protein (75.20%), glycine (102.04%), proline (48.20%), alanine (41.11%), glutamic acid (35.68%), aspartic acid (19.98%), serine (18.02%) |
| Bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus skin (collagen) (Devita et al., 2021) | Antioxidant (DPPH 0.18-0.46 mg AAE/g) | Protein (6.58%-16.37%) |
| Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares skin (collagen hydrolysate) (Nurilmala et al., 2019) | Antioxidant (IC50 251.23 ppm), antiglycation (4.36%) | Glycine (175.75 mg/g), proline (70.44 mg/g), arginine (64.10 mg/g), glutamic acid (58.37 mg/g), alanine (54.72 mg/g), aspartic acid (27.66 mg/g) |
| Mackerel by-product (Setijawati et al., 2020) | Alternative peptone for bacterial growth medium | Soluble protein (0.98-2.10 g/L), lysine (16.73%), glutamic acid (12.74%), alanine (9.32%), aspartic acid (8.74%), proline (8.73%), arginine (6.91%) |
| Mackerel S. japonicus head (Nurdiani et al., 2022) | Antioxidant (DPPH 15.64%-36.95%) | Serine (21.16%), glycine (13.27%), histidine (7.99%), aspartic acid (6.82%), alanine (6.74%), glutamic acid (6.17%) |
| Blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus hepatopancreas (Fadilah et al., 2020) | NA | Protein (49.21%), glutamic acid (3.75%), leucine (2.41%), arginine (2.13%), aspartic acid (1.96%), valine (1.84%), glycine (1.65%) |