Table 1. Formulation and proximate composition (g/kg, DM basis) of the experimental diets for red seabream (Pagrus major)

	Experimental diets
	Con	P25	P50	P100	P200	BP100
Ingredient
Fish meal1)	380	380	380	380	380	380
Soybean meal2)	100	100	100	100	100	100
Corn gluten meal3)	100	100	100	100	100	100
Wheat flour4)	275.00	274.75	274.50	274.00	273.00	274.00
Fish oil5)	100	100	100	100	100	100
CMC6)	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
Mineral mix7)	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
Vitamin mix8)	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
Choline chloride9)	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
Di calcium phosphate9)	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
Piperine110)	0.00	0.25	0.50	1.00	2.00	0.00
Black pepper10)	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.00
Proximate composition
Moisture	71.0	70.0	69.0	68.0	71.0	70.0
Protein	450	451	447	448	449	447
Lipid	150	150	148	147	148	149
Ash	92.0	93.0	92.0	74.0	94.0	98.0

Orizon S. A., Santiago, Chile.
The Feed, Seoul, Korea.
Kyongwon, Dangjin, Korea.
Baekseol, Gimpo, Korea.
E-wha Oil Industry, Busan, Korea.
Carboxymethyl cellulose: The Feed, Seoul, Korea.
Mineral premix (g/kg mixture): MgSO₄·7H₂O, 80.0; NaH₂PO₄·2H₂O, 370.0; KCl, 130.0; Ferric citrate, 40.0; ZnSO₄·7H₂O, 20.0; Ca-lactate, 356.5; CuCl₂, 0.2; AlCl₃. 6H₂O, 0.15; Na₂Se₂O₃, 0.01; MnSO₄·H₂O, 2.0; CoCl₂·6H₂O, 1.0: Korea Thumb Vet, Iksan, Korea.
Vitamin premix (g/kg mixture): L-ascorbic acid, 121.2; DL-α tocopherol acetate, 18.8; thiamin hydrochloride, 2.7; riboflavin, 9.1; pyridoxine hydrochloride, 1.8; niacin, 36.4; Ca-D-pantothenate, 12.7; myo-inositol, 181.8; D-biotin, 0.27; folic acid, 0.68; p-aminobenzoic acid, 18.2; menadione, 1.8; retinyl acetate, 0.73; cholecalciferol, 0.003; cyanocobalamin, 0.003: DSM, Heerlen, Netherland.
Solton Biochem, Seoul, Korea.
Synergen, Bucheon, Korea.
BP, black pepper.