Table 3. Collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibitory effects of red seaweed extracts

Red seaweeds	Total phenolic contents (PGE mg/g)	IC50 values for collagenase inhibition (μg/mL)	IC50 values for elastase inhibition (μg/mL)	IC50 values for hyaluronidase inhibition (μg/mL)
Ceramium boydenii	15.86 ± 0.55f	> 100	> 1,000	> 250
Ceramium kondoiYendo	25.73 ± 0.79c	> 100	> 1,000	> 250
Chondracanthus tenellus	30.59 ± 0.66b	> 100	> 1,000	> 250
Chondrus ocellatus	11.02 ± 0.23h	> 100	> 1,000	> 250
Fushitsunagia catenata	14.67 ± 0.42g	> 100	> 1,000	> 250
Gracilaria textorii	8.77 ± 0.08j	> 100	> 1,000	> 250
Gracilaria vermiculophylla	15.49 ± 0.53f	> 100	> 1,000	> 250
Grateloupia angusta	19.10 ± 0.15e	> 100	> 1,000	> 250
Grateloupia elliptica	10.09 ± 0.06i	> 100	> 1,000	> 250
Grateloupia turuturu	9.07 ± 0.14j	> 100	> 1,000	> 250
Gloiopeltis furcata	39.58 ± 0.34a	> 100	> 1,000	> 250
Gymnogongrus flabelliformis	21.44 ± 0.31d	> 100	> 1,000	> 250
Meristotheca papulosa	4.93 ± 0.08l	> 100	> 1,000	> 250
Plocamium telfairiae	6.42 ± 0.02k	> 100	> 1,000	> 250
EGCG1) (mM)		0.17 ± 0.01	2.34 ± 0.07	0.25 ± 0.00

Positive control.
Small letters presented differences between treatments in each column.
EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate; IC₅₀, half-maximal inhibitory concentration; PGE, phloroglucinol equivalent.