Table 3. Population parameters and grouper-snapper fish stock conditions in the Sangihe Group of Island waters in 2019–2021

Family	Species	Length indicators							Growth parameters				Mortality				% Immature (%)	F/M	SPR
		Lmin	Lmax	Lmean	Lm	Lc	Lopt	Lcopt	L∞	k	t0	Amax	M	Z	F	E
Lutjanidae	Etelis radiosus	15.33	99.77	66.57	54.96	57.36	68.55	61.75	105.92	0.19	–0.64	17	0.26	0.60	0.34	0.57	18	1.31	0.272)
	Pristipomoides sieboldii	17.59	47.39	33.11	28.63	31.59	32.17	31.69	51.24	0.34	–0.42	9	0.51	2.38	1.87	0.79	13	3.68	0.242)
	Pristipomoides filamentosus	12.96	81.15	39.26	44.35	25.44	53.45	48.72	83.42	0.24	–0.53	11	0.34	0.80	0.46	0.58	73	1.35	0.143)
	Aphareus rutilans	12.40	103.75	65.85	53.16	66.60	65.95	57.31	102.06	0.15	–0.79	20	0.21	0.38	0.17	0.45	9	0.82	0.371)
	Etelis coruscans	17.14	111.31	61.66	57.99	54.85	72.96	67.44	112.44	0.15	–0.80	21	0.20	0.50	0.30	0.60	40	1.50	0.242)
	Lutjanus gibbus	10.37	49.41	25.41	28.93	21.52	32.55	31.76	51.83	0.32	–0.45	10	0.42	1.18	0.76	0.64	68	1.81	0.193)
	Paracaesio kusakarii	21.90	68.02	36.85	36.06	30.66	42.04	38.60	66.25	0.18	–0.76	17	0.29	1.00	0.71	0.71	43	2.41	0.123)
Epinephelidae	Variola albimarginata	11.81	42.67	25.68	24.85	19.58	27.29	26.51	43.76	0.37	–0.40	9	0.49	1.27	0.78	0.62	45	1.60	0.262)
	Cephalopholis urodeta	9.51	23.02	16.18	14.98	14.36	15.16	13.74	24.90	0.42	–0.41	8	0.73	1.87	1.14	0.61	29	1.57	0.302)
	Cephalopholis spiloparaea	10.04	22.07	15.49	14.18	14.25	14.23	13.31	23.43	0.46	–0.39	7	0.82	2.99	2.17	0.73	19	2.65	0.282)
	Epinephelus fasciatus	10.33	27.90	19.75	16.67	16.99	17.16	16.37	28.04	0.36	–0.47	9	0.49	1.05	0.56	0.53	17	1.14	0.381)
	Epinephelus merra	9.50	23.34	17.00	14.75	17.19	14.89	14.05	24.47	0.38	–0.46	8	0.53	1.09	0.56	0.51	18	1.06	0.321)

Under-exploited.
Fully-exploited.
Over-exploited/overfished.
L_min, min. Length of all measured samples (cm); L_max, max. Length of all measured samples (cm); L, mean length (cm); L_m, length at first maturity (cm); L_c, length at first capture (cm); L_opt, optimum length (cm); L_copt, optimal length at first capture; L_∞, asymptotic length (cm); k, growth coefficient (yr–1); t0, age at length = 0 (yr.); Amax, max age (yr.); M, natural mortality (yr – i); Z, total mortality (yr – i); F, fishing mortality (yr – i); E, exploitation rate; % immature, percent immature fish caught; F/M, fishing and natural mortality ratio; SPR, spawning potential ratio.