Table 1. Formulation and proximate chemical composition of the experimental diets

Ingredients1)	No vitamin C supplement	200 mg vitamin C	400 mg vitamin C
Fishmeal (%)2)	64.44	64.44	64.44
Soybean meal (%)	7	7	7
Wheat Gluten (%)	3	3	3
Rice bran (%)	3	3	3
Squid meal (%)	11	11	11
Corn gluten meal (%)	2	2	2
Wheat flour (%)	3	3	3
Fishoil (%)	1.5	1.5	1.5
Soybean oil (%)	1.36	1.36	1.36
Lecithin (%)	1	1	1
Vitamin-mineral premix (%)3)	1.1	1.1	1.1
Polymethylcarbamide (%)	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mono-cal (%)	0.03	0.03	0.03
Limestone/oyster shell (%)	1	1	1
Lysine (%)4)	0.05	0.05	0.05
Methionine (%)5)	0.02	0.02	0.02
Vitamin C supplement (mg/kg)	0	200	400

Proximate compositions
Crude protein (%)	55.35 ± 0.13	55.28 ± 0.03	55.38 ± 0.02
Crude lipid (%)	9.01 ± 0.07	9.05 ± 0.02	9.07 ± 0.03
Moisture (%)	10.11 ± 0.05	10.84 ± 0.03	10.53 ± 0.03
Ash (%)	12.58 ± 0.10	12.16 ± 0.07	12.06 ± 0.03
Vitamin C (mg/kg)	23.2	224.5	423.8

Supplied by Long Sinh Feed Company, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam.
Provided by T.C. Union, My Tho City, Vietnam
Vitamin premix: Vitamin A, 1,000,000 UI; Vitamin D3, 300.000 IU, Vitamin C monophosphate 10.000 mg; Vitamin B6, 500 mg; Vitamin B2, 320 mg; Vitamin B12, 5 mg (Provimi Vietnam, Bien Hoa City, Vietnam). Mineral premix: Zn (ZnO), 4.750 mg; Mn (MnSO₄.H₂O), 1.900 mg; Mg (MgO), 1.050 mg; Ca (CaHPO₄.2H₂O), 0.8%; Co (CoCO₃), 47.5 mg; Se (Na2SeO₂), 47.5 mg (Provimi Vietnam).
Supplied by Sumitomo Chemical, Osaka, Japan.
Supplied by Provimi Vietnam.