| Many-colored abalone(Haliotis diversicolor) | 20, 25, 30 (control) and 35‰ and injection with 1.6×105 Vibrio parahaemolyticus | 120 h | Mortality rate, THC, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst activity, phagocytic activity, and bacterial clearance. | Immunity and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus decreased when salinity increased from 30‰ to 20‰, 25‰, and 35 ‰. | Cheng et al., 2004a |
| Disk abalone(Haliotis discus discus) | 25, 30, 33 (control), and 35 psu | 48 h | Suvival rate, THC, CAT, SOD, respiratory burst, phenoloxidase activity, lysozyme activity, HSP70 expression in gills. | Low salinity stress weakens the immune system in Pacific abalones by decreasing the activity of phenoloxidase and lysozyme. | Jwa et al., 2009 |
| Disk abalone(Haliotis discus discus) | 25‰ and 32‰ (control) | 24 h | Gene expressions of MnSOD, CAT, CuZnSOD, SeGPx, TPx, TRx-2, SOCS-2, and Mx. | At low salinity, the gene expressions of MnSOD, CAT, CuZnSOD, SeGPx, TPx, TRx-2, SOCS-2, and Mx all increased. | de Zoysa et al., 2009 |
| Pacific abalone(Haliotis discus hannai) | Changing the salinity at 3 different temperatureControl 35 psu for 7 daysFrom 35→30→25→20→15 psu for 7 daysFrom 35 →25→15 psu seven daysFrom 35 →15 psu | 7 d | Survival rate, and oxygen consumption. | Salinity of 25–35 PSU is ideal for abalone production. Salinities below 20 PSU lower survival and oxygen consumption. Sudden salinity changes and high water temperatures enhance mortality. | Lim et al., 2014 |
| Pacific abalone(Haliotis discus hannai) | 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32 (control), 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 and 46 ppt | 77 d | SGR (length, width, weight), survival rate, DNA methylation, and epigenetic structure. | The optimal salinity was 30–36 ppt. There are no significant variations in global methylation levels. Salinity can cause epigenetic differentiation. | Kong et al., 2017 |
| Many-colored abalone(Haliotis diversicolor) | 20, 25, 31 (control), 35 and 40 ppt | 2 mon | SGR (weight and length), density and sizes of mucous cells (digestive gut, gills, lips). | Growth was highest around 25–35 ppt. Lip and gill mucous cells had the greatest density and smallest cell size at 40 ppt, while digestive gut cells were at 20 ppt. | Creencia & Noro, 2018 |
| Pacific abalone(Haliotis discus hannai) | 26, 30, and 34 psu combined with 4°C, 6°C, 8°C, and 10°C | 7 d | Survival rate, antioxidant enzyme, THC, hemocyte mortality | The Pacific abalone has the lowest tolerances for salinity and water temperature, at 30 psu and 8°C, respectively. | Yang & Min, 2019 |
| Pacific abalone(Haliotis discus hannai) and Giant abalone (Haliotis gigantea) | 34 (control), 30, 26, 22, 18 and 14 psu | 3 h salinity exposure and the culture for 7 days at normal salinity | Hatching, survival rate, and abnormality. | Hatching, abnormalities, and survival rates were not significantly different between 30 and 34 PSU for both species. The hatching and survival rates of both species were reduced by short-term low salinity stress, while abnormality rates were elevated. | Phan et al., 2022 |