Table 2. Summary statistics for research included in the final systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors Country Sperm type Sperm app Species FR SD HR SD
Gazsi et al. (2021b) Hungary Fresh sperm spawning III OLSAI Danio rerio 42.9 27.5 na na
Gazsi et al. (2021b) Hungary Fresh sperm spawning IV OLSAI Danio rerio 41.5 23.7 na na
Gazsi et al. (2021b) Hungary Fresh sperm spawning I EF Danio rerio 21.7 30.7 na na
Gazsi et al. (2021b) Hungary Fresh sperm spawning II and III EF Danio rerio 43.3 29.4 na na
Müller et al. (2019) Hungary Cryopreserved sperm OLSAI Clarias gariepinus 23.5 16.1 17.7 13.2
Müller et al. (2019) Hungary Cryopreserved + fresh sperm OLSAI Clarias gariepinus 17.6 13.7 12.5 9.3
Müller et al. (2019) Hungary Fresh sperm EF Clarias gariepinus 71.0 14.4 61.0 11.5
Müller et al. (2018a) Hungary Fresh sperm 2 hrs. before stripping OLSAI Cyprinus carpio 46.7 15.0 na na
Müller et al. (2018a) Hungary Fresh sperm 12 hrs. before stripping OLSAI Cyprinus carpio 41.0 15.7 na na
Müller et al. (2018a) Hungary Fresh sperm EF Cyprinus carpio 85.8 4.2 na na
Ittzés et al. (2020) Hungary Fresh sperm OLSAI Rhamdia quelen 82.1 9.4 na na
Ittzés et al. (2020) Hungary Fresh sperm hormone mix OLSAI Rhamdia quelen 76.5 4.4 na na
Ittzés et al. (2020) Hungary Fresh sperm EF Rhamdia quelen 75.6 9.3 na na
Müller et al. (2018b) Hungary Fresh sperm hormone mix OLSAI Clarias gariepinus 74.7 18.4 na na
Müller et al. (2018b) Hungary Fresh sperm hormone mix + external fresh sperm OLSAI Clarias gariepinus 75.1 11.5 na na
Müller et al. (2018b) Hungary Fresh sperm OLSAI Clarias gariepinus 69.7 5.2 na na
Müller et al. (2018b) Hungary Fresh sperm to the left ovary and NaCl-dissolved hormone to the right ovary OLSAI Clarias gariepinus 87.7 8.7 na na
Quyến et al. (2022) Hungary Fresh sperm EF Clarias gariepinus 81.4 1.62 77.2 0.9
Quyến et al. (2022) Hungary Fresh sperm OLSAI Hybrid (Clarias gariepinus × Heterobranchus longifilis) 74.9 6.6 71.1 11.3
Okomoda et al. (2023) Nigeria Fresh sperm EF Clarias gariepinus 91.1 4.33 82.3 2.2
Okomoda et al. (2023) Nigeria Fresh sperm OLSAI Clarias gariepinus 93 3.57 81.8 4.2
Gazsi et al. (2021a) Hungary Fresh sperm EF Danio rerio 81.3 10.4 na na
Gazsi et al. (2021a) Hungary Fresh sperm from transgenic males but without males OLSAI Danio rerio 12.6 9.2 na na
Gazsi et al. (2021a) Hungary Fresh sperm from transgenic males and males separated by a transparent plastic screen OLSAI Danio rerio 11.8 16.3 na na
Varga et al. (2022) Hungary Fresh sperm OLSAI Sander lucioperca 16.1 26.9 na na
Nargesi & Gorouhi (2024) Iran Fresh sperm EF Esox lucius 62.4 1.9 88.5 1.7
Nargesi & Gorouhi (2024) Iran Fresh sperm and hormone insemination EF Esox lucius 65.6 3.6 91.2 1.7
Nargesi & Gorouhi (2024) Iran Fresh sperm after 72 hrs. of hormone injection OLSAI Esox lucius 60.5 2.4 86.1 3.4
Nargesi & Gorouhi (2024) Iran Fresh sperm after 72 hrs. of hormone insemination OLSAI Esox lucius 54.8 2.5 86.8 2.9
Kucska et al. (2022) Hungary Fresh sperm EF Clarias gariepinus na na 55.1 16.1
Kucska et al. (2022) Hungary Fresh sperm hormone mix OLSAI Clarias gariepinus na na 39.1 18.3
Kucska et al. (2022) Hungary Fresh sperm EF Clarias gariepinus na na 61.9 12.0
Kucska et al. (2022) Hungary Fresh sperm OLSAI Clarias gariepinus na na 46.0 9.2
Kucska et al. (2022) Hungary Fresh sperm hormone mix OLSAI Clarias gariepinus na na 35.1 21.2
FR, mean fertilization rate; HR, mean hatching rate; app, application; OLSAI, ovarian lavage sperm artificial insemination; Spawning I, II, III, and IV, eggs spawning from 1 to 4, respectively; EF, dry external fertilization.