Table 8. Overview of inefficiencies and recommendation for improvement

Identified inefficiency	Potential intervention	Recommendation to action
Input supply	Enhance access to fishing gear and equipment	Establish local input supply hubs to provide affordable and quality fishing gear (e.g., nets, boats, and cold storage).
		Facilitate public-private partnerships to incentivize private investment in input supply chains.
		Provide microfinance and credit schemes to help fishers afford modern and sustainable fishing technologies.
Gender	Youth and women inclusion programs	Design targeted programs to engage youth and women in value-added activities like processing and marketing.
		Support women-led cooperatives and micro-enterprises within the fish value chain.
Poor infrastructure	Invest in cold-chain infrastructure	Establish community-managed cold storage facilities near landing sites to reduce post-harvest losses.
		Support the development of mobile ice-making units to ensure product freshness during transport.
	Diversify processed fish products	Encourage fishers and traders to expand product offerings (e.g., smoked fish, dried fish, and fish sausages) to meet diverse market demands.
		Provide technical training on value-added processing and food safety standards.
	Improve transportation and logistics	Upgrade rural road networks to improve access between landing sites and external markets.
		Provide subsidized or shared transportation services to facilitate bulk delivery of fish products.
Seasonal closure	Set up closure periods	Involve fishers, traders, and local authorities in the design and enforcement of seasonal closures.
		Promote alternative income-generating activities (e.g., fish processing, aquaculture, or small-scale agriculture) to offset the loss of fishing income.
Weak local market	Strengthen local and regional market linkages	Organize market forums to connect fishers, traders, and urban buyers.
	local diet	Community engagement and advocacy activities promoting household diet diversification.
Lack of technical knowledge and training	Training and skills development	Offer continuous training on business management, innovation (e.g., circular agriculture) value addition, and market negotiation for fishers and traders.
		Support skills training and microfinance programs to help fishers engage in other value chain activities during closures.
		Introduce digital tools for market information dissemination (e.g., fish prices, buyer contacts).